Phrasebook

en To have to do something / must   »   ad ШIэгъэн фае

72 [seventy-two]

To have to do something / must

To have to do something / must

72 [тIокIищрэ пшIыкIутIурэ]

72 [tIokIishhrje pshIykIutIurje]

ШIэгъэн фае

ShIjegjen fae

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must ш----э- -ае ш______ ф__ ш-э-ъ-н ф-е ----------- шIэгъэн фае 0
sh-----e--f-e s________ f__ s-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- shIjegjen fae
I must post the letter. Сэ----ь-- --ъэх-ын---е. С_ п_____ з_______ ф___ С- п-с-м- з-ъ-х-ы- ф-е- ----------------------- Сэ письмэ згъэхьын фае. 0
Sje-pis--j--zg-e-'-- fae. S__ p______ z_______ f___ S-e p-s-m-e z-j-h-y- f-e- ------------------------- Sje pis'mje zgjeh'yn fae.
I must pay the hotel. Сэ-х--кIэ------- ст-- -а-. С_ х____________ с___ ф___ С- х-а-I-щ-п-I-р с-ы- ф-е- -------------------------- Сэ хьакIэщыпкIэр стын фае. 0
S---h'a-Ijes-hy-k---r--tyn--ae. S__ h________________ s___ f___ S-e h-a-I-e-h-y-k-j-r s-y- f-e- ------------------------------- Sje h'akIjeshhypkIjer styn fae.
You must get up early. О -ьэ- --ъ--э-жын фае. О ж___ у_________ ф___ О ж-э- у-ъ-т-д-ы- ф-е- ---------------------- О жьэу укъэтэджын фае. 0
O-z---eu -kjet-e-zhyn-fa-. O z_____ u___________ f___ O z-'-e- u-j-t-e-z-y- f-e- -------------------------- O zh'jeu ukjetjedzhyn fae.
You must work a lot. О-----б- --------е. О I_____ п____ ф___ О I-ф-б- п-I-н ф-е- ------------------- О Iофыбэ пшIэн фае. 0
O-Iof--j---s-Ij-n f-e. O I______ p______ f___ O I-f-b-e p-h-j-n f-e- ---------------------- O Iofybje pshIjen fae.
You must be punctual. Шъ---ъ--ъ--пхэл-----а-. Ш_________ п______ ф___ Ш-ы-к-а-ъ- п-э-ъ-н ф-е- ----------------------- Шъыпкъагъэ пхэлъын фае. 0
Sh-p-a-je --j---n f-e. S________ p______ f___ S-y-k-g-e p-j-l-n f-e- ---------------------- Shypkagje phjelyn fae.
He must fuel / get petrol / get gas (am.). Ащ --ъ-л-ф--ъ--г--с--н-п--э --ы-I---. А_ (х_________ г___________ и________ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) г-э-т-н-п-ъ- и-ы-I-г-. ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъэстыныпхъэ ищыкIагъ. 0
A-h- (hu--y----j---y----j----hhyk--g. A___ (h______ g___________ i_________ A-h- (-u-f-g- g-e-t-n-p-j- i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag.
He must repair the car. А- --ъ-л---г---маши--р ы---ц--I-жь-н -ае. А_ (х_________ м______ ы____________ ф___ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-ъ-ц-к-э-ь-н ф-е- ----------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ыгъэцэкIэжьын фае. 0
A-hh -hu-fy-- -ashin-e---g--c--kIj-zh--n -a-. A___ (h______ m________ y_______________ f___ A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-j-c-e-I-e-h-y- f-e- --------------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer ygjecjekIjezh'yn fae.
He must wash the car. Ащ -х--л--ы--- маши--р-ы----кI------. А_ (х_________ м______ ы________ ф___ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-х-а-I-н ф-е- ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ытхьакIын фае. 0
As-h-(h--f-----as-in-er -t-'--I---f-e. A___ (h______ m________ y________ f___ A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-h-a-I-n f-e- -------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer yth'akIyn fae.
She must shop. А---б--лъфы-----э--н-фа-. А_ (б_________ щ____ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) щ-ф-н ф-е- ------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) щэфэн фае. 0
Ar-(--y-f-g)-sh-je--e- ---. A_ (b_______ s________ f___ A- (-z-l-y-) s-h-e-j-n f-e- --------------------------- Ar (bzylfyg) shhjefjen fae.
She must clean the apartment. Ащ----ы--ф-гъ- унэр зэ-их-н----. А_ (б_________ у___ з______ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) у-э- з-I-х-н ф-е- -------------------------------- Ащ (бзылъфыгъ) унэр зэIихын фае. 0
Ashh--b--l-y-- un---------h-n-fa-. A___ (b_______ u____ z_______ f___ A-h- (-z-l-y-) u-j-r z-e-i-y- f-e- ---------------------------------- Ashh (bzylfyg) unjer zjeIihyn fae.
She must wash the clothes. Ар--б-ы-ъ--гъ--гыкI-н фа-. А_ (б_________ г_____ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) г-к-э- ф-е- -------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) гыкIэн фае. 0
Ar --z-lfyg- gykIjen -ae. A_ (b_______ g______ f___ A- (-z-l-y-) g-k-j-n f-e- ------------------------- Ar (bzylfyg) gykIjen fae.
We must go to school at once. Т--джыд-дэм е-ж-пIэм-ты-Iон -ае. Т_ д_______ е_______ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- е-ж-п-э- т-к-о- ф-е- -------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм еджапIэм тыкIон фае. 0
Tje dzh--j--jem e-------e--t--Io--fae. T__ d__________ e_________ t_____ f___ T-e d-h-d-e-j-m e-z-a-I-e- t-k-o- f-e- -------------------------------------- Tje dzhydjedjem edzhapIjem tykIon fae.
We must go to work at once. Тэ д--д--э---о--ш-э-ты---- ---. Т_ д_______ I______ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- I-ф-ш-э т-к-о- ф-е- ------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм IофышIэ тыкIон фае. 0
T-e -zh--j--je- I----h--e-ty-Ion fa-. T__ d__________ I________ t_____ f___ T-e d-h-d-e-j-m I-f-s-I-e t-k-o- f-e- ------------------------------------- Tje dzhydjedjem IofyshIje tykIon fae.
We must go to the doctor at once. Т- -ж--эд-м--р---- дэ----ы-Iон-ф--. Т_ д_______ в_____ д___ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- в-а-ы- д-ж- т-к-о- ф-е- ----------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм врачым дэжь тыкIон фае. 0
T-- --hy----j-m-vra--y- -je--' ---I-n f-e. T__ d__________ v______ d_____ t_____ f___ T-e d-h-d-e-j-m v-a-h-m d-e-h- t-k-o- f-e- ------------------------------------------ Tje dzhydjedjem vrachym djezh' tykIon fae.
You must wait for the bus. Авто-усым-шъ-----е--н--ае. А________ ш__ ш______ ф___ А-т-б-с-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- -------------------------- Автобусым шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
A--o-us-- sho sh----j-n-f-e. A________ s__ s________ f___ A-t-b-s-m s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- ---------------------------- Avtobusym sho shuezhjen fae.
You must wait for the train. Мэ-I-к-м-шъ---ъ----н--а-. М_______ ш__ ш______ ф___ М-ш-о-у- ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------- МэшIокум шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
Mj-----ku- ----shue----- -a-. M_________ s__ s________ f___ M-e-h-o-u- s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- ----------------------------- MjeshIokum sho shuezhjen fae.
You must wait for the taxi. Т--си-- ш-о ш--е--н ф-е. Т______ ш__ ш______ ф___ Т-к-и-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------ Таксиим шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
T-ks-im s-o s----hj-n ---. T______ s__ s________ f___ T-k-i-m s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- -------------------------- Taksiim sho shuezhjen fae.

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Why are there so many different languages?

Today there are more than 6,000 different languages worldwide. This is why we need interpreters and translators. A very long time ago, everyone still spoke the same language. That changed, however, when people began to migrate. They left their African homeland and moved around the world. This spatial separation lead to a linguistic separation as well. Because each people developed its own form of communication. Many different languages evolved from the common proto-language. But man never remained in one place for very long. So the languages became increasingly separated from each other. Somewhere along the line, a common root could no longer be recognized. Furthermore, no people lived in isolation for thousands of years. There was always contact with other peoples. This changed the languages. They took on elements from foreign languages or they merged. Because of this, the progression of the languages never stopped. Therefore, migrations and contact with new peoples explain the multitude of languages. Why languages are so different is another question, however. Every evolution follows certain rules. So there must be a reason for languages being the way they are. Scientists have been interested in these reasons for years. They would like to know why languages develop differently. In order to research that, one must trace the history of languages. Then one can identify what changed when. It is still unknown what influences the development of languages. Cultural factors appear to be more important than biological factors. That is to say, the history of different peoples shaped their languages. Obviously, languages tell us more than we know…