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em Running errands   »   ad Щэфэн

51 [fifty-one]

Running errands

Running errands

51 [шъэныкъорэ зырэ]

51 [shjenykorje zyrje]

Щэфэн

Shhjefjen

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I want to go to the library. Тх---I-г--п----с-к--нэ--с--а-. Т_____________ с_______ с_____ Т-ы-ъ-ы-ъ-п-э- с-к-о-э- с-ф-й- ------------------------------ ТхылъIыгъыпIэм сыкIонэу сыфай. 0
T--lIygyp-j-m --k--n-eu sy-a-. T____________ s________ s_____ T-y-I-g-p-j-m s-k-o-j-u s-f-j- ------------------------------ ThylIygypIjem sykIonjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the bookstore. Т----ы-э-т-чан-м сы------------. Т_______ т______ с_______ с_____ Т-ы-ъ-щ- т-ч-н-м с-к-о-э- с-ф-й- -------------------------------- Тхылъыщэ тучаным сыкIонэу сыфай. 0
T--ly-hh----u--a--m-s--Ionj---syf--. T_________ t_______ s________ s_____ T-y-y-h-j- t-c-a-y- s-k-o-j-u s-f-j- ------------------------------------ Thylyshhje tuchanym sykIonjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the newspaper stand. Г--з-т------киос--м ----о-э- -ыфай. Г__________ к______ с_______ с_____ Г-э-е-щ-п-э к-о-к-м с-к-о-э- с-ф-й- ----------------------------------- ГъэзетщэпIэ киоскым сыкIонэу сыфай. 0
Gje-e--hh-epI--------y----k-onje--syf-j. G______________ k______ s________ s_____ G-e-e-s-h-e-I-e k-o-k-m s-k-o-j-u s-f-j- ---------------------------------------- GjezetshhjepIje kioskym sykIonjeu syfaj.
I want to borrow a book. Сэ-тхыл-----фэу--ъэ-ш-эн-----ф--. С_ т____ х_____ к_________ с_____ С- т-ы-ъ х-а-э- к-э-ш-э-э- с-ф-й- --------------------------------- Сэ тхылъ хьафэу къэсштэнэу сыфай. 0
S-- ---l---afje- kje--h-je--e-------. S__ t___ h______ k____________ s_____ S-e t-y- h-a-j-u k-e-s-t-e-j-u s-f-j- ------------------------------------- Sje thyl h'afjeu kjesshtjenjeu syfaj.
I want to buy a book. Сэ тх-л- ----ы--у-сыфа-. С_ т____ с_______ с_____ С- т-ы-ъ с-э-ы-э- с-ф-й- ------------------------ Сэ тхылъ сщэфынэу сыфай. 0
S---t-----s-h-e--n----s---j. S__ t___ s___________ s_____ S-e t-y- s-h-j-f-n-e- s-f-j- ---------------------------- Sje thyl sshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to buy a newspaper. Сэ --э-е- с-э-ын----ы-а-. С_ г_____ с_______ с_____ С- г-э-е- с-э-ы-э- с-ф-й- ------------------------- Сэ гъэзет сщэфынэу сыфай. 0
Sj-----ze----h----ynj---s-faj. S__ g_____ s___________ s_____ S-e g-e-e- s-h-j-f-n-e- s-f-j- ------------------------------ Sje gjezet sshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the library to borrow a book. Т---ъI--ъ--Iэ- сык-он---,---ыл- къ-с-ы-э------й. Т_____________ с_________ т____ к________ с_____ Т-ы-ъ-ы-ъ-п-э- с-к-о-ы-ъ- т-ы-ъ к-и-х-н-у с-ф-й- ------------------------------------------------ ТхылъIыгъыпIэм сыкIонышъ, тхылъ къисхынэу сыфай. 0
T----yg-p-------k--n-sh,-t--l---------u-----j. T____________ s_________ t___ k________ s_____ T-y-I-g-p-j-m s-k-o-y-h- t-y- k-s-y-j-u s-f-j- ---------------------------------------------- ThylIygypIjem sykIonysh, thyl kishynjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the bookstore to buy a book. Тхы---щ- -учан-м --к-о----, тхылъ ---с-э-ынэу -ы-а-. Т_______ т______ с_________ т____ к__________ с_____ Т-ы-ъ-щ- т-ч-н-м с-к-о-ы-ъ- т-ы-ъ к-э-щ-ф-н-у с-ф-й- ---------------------------------------------------- Тхылъыщэ тучаным сыкIонышъ, тхылъ къэсщэфынэу сыфай. 0
Thyl--h--- t---anym ---Io----- -h-l -j--s-hje----e------j. T_________ t_______ s_________ t___ k______________ s_____ T-y-y-h-j- t-c-a-y- s-k-o-y-h- t-y- k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u s-f-j- ---------------------------------------------------------- Thylyshhje tuchanym sykIonysh, thyl kjesshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the kiosk / newspaper stand to buy a newspaper. Г--з-т-апIэ---ы-I----ъ, г----т къэ-щэ----у---ф-й. Г___________ с_________ г_____ к__________ с_____ Г-э-е-щ-п-э- с-к-о-ы-ъ- г-э-е- к-э-щ-ф-н-у с-ф-й- ------------------------------------------------- ГъэзетщапIэм сыкIонышъ, гъэзет къэсщэфынэу сыфай. 0
Gj-zet----p---m --k--n--h,-gj---t --e-s---efyn-------aj. G______________ s_________ g_____ k______________ s_____ G-e-e-s-h-p-j-m s-k-o-y-h- g-e-e- k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u s-f-j- -------------------------------------------------------- GjezetshhapIjem sykIonysh, gjezet kjesshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the optician. Нэ-а-э--д-ж---ык--н-- с-фа-. Н______ д___ с_______ с_____ Н-I-з-м д-ж- с-к-о-э- с-ф-й- ---------------------------- НэIазэм дэжь сыкIонэу сыфай. 0
Nj----j-- -jez----yk---j-u---faj. N________ d_____ s________ s_____ N-e-a-j-m d-e-h- s-k-o-j-u s-f-j- --------------------------------- NjeIazjem djezh' sykIonjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the supermarket. Су--рм---еты- с--Iо----с---й. С____________ с_______ с_____ С-п-р-а-к-т-м с-к-о-э- с-ф-й- ----------------------------- Супермаркетым сыкIонэу сыфай. 0
Supe-m--k-----s------e- sy---. S____________ s________ s_____ S-p-r-a-k-t-m s-k-o-j-u s-f-j- ------------------------------ Supermarketym sykIonjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the bakery. Х-алыгъ-ща-Iэм--ык----у -ы-а-. Х_____________ с_______ с_____ Х-а-ы-ъ-щ-п-э- с-к-о-э- с-ф-й- ------------------------------ ХьалыгъущапIэм сыкIонэу сыфай. 0
H'----ushha--j-m ---Io---u-sy--j. H_______________ s________ s_____ H-a-y-u-h-a-I-e- s-k-o-j-u s-f-j- --------------------------------- H'alygushhapIjem sykIonjeu syfaj.
I want to buy some glasses. Н---у--жэ-к----э-ы-эу с--а-. Н________ к__________ с_____ Н-г-у-д-э к-э-щ-ф-н-у с-ф-й- ---------------------------- Нэгъунджэ къэсщэфынэу сыфай. 0
N-e-u-d--j- --e-s-hj-fy--eu-syfa-. N__________ k______________ s_____ N-e-u-d-h-e k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u s-f-j- ---------------------------------- Njegundzhje kjesshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to buy fruit and vegetables. ПкIышъ-ь--мы-ъ-ьэхэ-рэ х-тэрык-х-м-э к-э-щ-ф--э---ы-ай. П_____________________ х____________ к__________ с_____ П-I-ш-х-э-м-ш-х-э-э-р- х-т-р-к-х-м-э к-э-щ-ф-н-у с-ф-й- ------------------------------------------------------- ПкIышъхьэ-мышъхьэхэмрэ хэтэрыкIхэмрэ къэсщэфынэу сыфай. 0
PkI-----j--my-h--jehjemr-- -j-t--r--Ih-em-je ----s-hj-f-nj-u -yf--. P_________________________ h________________ k______________ s_____ P-I-s-h-j---y-h-'-e-j-m-j- h-e-j-r-k-h-e-r-e k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u s-f-j- ------------------------------------------------------------------- PkIyshh'je-myshh'jehjemrje hjetjerykIhjemrje kjesshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to buy rolls and bread. Хь-л-ж-ощ--ьагъ----р-----л--ъ--э къ---э---------ай. Х____________________ х_________ к__________ с_____ Х-а-ы-ъ-щ-х-а-ъ-х-м-э х-а-ы-ъ-р- к-э-щ-ф-н-у с-ф-й- --------------------------------------------------- Хьалыжъощыхьагъэхэмрэ хьалыгъурэ къэсщэфынэу сыфай. 0
H'--yzho-h--h---j--j-mr-e h'---gu-je kj--sh-j---n--- s---j. H________________________ h_________ k______________ s_____ H-a-y-h-s-h-h-a-j-h-e-r-e h-a-y-u-j- k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u s-f-j- ----------------------------------------------------------- H'alyzhoshhyh'agjehjemrje h'alygurje kjesshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the optician to buy glasses. Нэ-а-э--д-жь -ы--он---- -эгъунд-- к--сщэ---эу------. Н______ д___ с_________ н________ к__________ с_____ Н-I-з-м д-ж- с-к-о-ы-ъ- н-г-у-д-э к-э-щ-ф-н-у с-ф-й- ---------------------------------------------------- НэIазэм дэжь сыкIонышъ, нэгъунджэ къэсщэфынэу сыфай. 0
NjeIa--e--d--zh' s-kIo----, nj-g----h-e-k-ess--je--n-eu syfaj. N________ d_____ s_________ n__________ k______________ s_____ N-e-a-j-m d-e-h- s-k-o-y-h- n-e-u-d-h-e k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u s-f-j- -------------------------------------------------------------- NjeIazjem djezh' sykIonysh, njegundzhje kjesshhjefynjeu syfaj.
I want to go to the supermarket to buy fruit and vegetables. Туч-н-м-сыф-й,--кIы--хь--м--ъ--э-эм------э-ы-I-эм-----э-щэ---эу. Т______ с_____ п_____________________ х____________ к___________ Т-ч-н-м с-ф-й- п-I-ш-х-э-м-ш-х-э-э-р- х-т-р-к-х-м-э к-э-щ-ф-н-у- ---------------------------------------------------------------- Тучаным сыфай, пкIышъхьэ-мышъхьэхэмрэ хэтэрыкIхэмрэ къэсщэфынэу. 0
Tu----ym -yfaj,---I----'---mys-h'jehj--r-- --etj--------m-je-k--s-hhje-y----. T_______ s_____ p_________________________ h________________ k_______________ T-c-a-y- s-f-j- p-I-s-h-j---y-h-'-e-j-m-j- h-e-j-r-k-h-e-r-e k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tuchanym syfaj, pkIyshh'je-myshh'jehjemrje hjetjerykIhjemrje kjesshhjefynjeu.
I want to go to the baker to buy rolls and bread. Хь---гъ-щапI-м-с-ф-------л-жъощыхьа------рэ-х---ыг---э к-----ф-н--. Х_____________ с_____ х____________________ х_________ к___________ Х-а-ы-ъ-щ-п-э- с-ф-й- х-а-ы-ъ-щ-х-а-ъ-х-м-э х-а-ы-ъ-р- к-э-щ-ф-н-у- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ХьалыгъущапIэм сыфай, хьалыжъощыхьагъэхэмрэ хьалыгъурэ къэсщэфынэу. 0
H-al-----h---je- s----- -'--yzh----yh'-g-ehje-rj--h--ly----e-----shhjef-nje-. H_______________ s_____ h________________________ h_________ k_______________ H-a-y-u-h-a-I-e- s-f-j- h-a-y-h-s-h-h-a-j-h-e-r-e h-a-y-u-j- k-e-s-h-e-y-j-u- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- H'alygushhapIjem syfaj, h'alyzhoshhyh'agjehjemrje h'alygurje kjesshhjefynjeu.

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Minority languages in Europe

Many different languages are spoken in Europe. Most of them are Indo-European languages. In addition to the large national languages, there are also many smaller languages. They are minority languages. Minority languages are different from official languages. But they aren't dialects. They aren't the languages of immigrants either. Minority languages are always ethnically driven. Meaning, they are the languages of particular ethnic groups. There are minority languages in almost every country of Europe. That amounts to about 40 languages in the European Union. Some minority languages are only spoken in one country. Among them for example is Sorbian in Germany. Romani, on the other hand, has speakers in many European countries. Minority languages have a special status. Because they are only spoken by a relatively small group. These groups cannot afford to build their own schools. It is also difficult for them to publish their own literature. As a result, many minority languages are threatened by extinction. The European Union wants to protect minority languages. Because every language is an important part of a culture or identity. Some nations do not have a commonwealth and only exist as a minority. Various programs and projects are meant to promote their languages. It is hoped that the culture of smaller ethnic groups will be preserved as well. Nevertheless, some minority languages will disappear soon. Among them is Livonian, spoken in a province of Latvia. Only 20 people remain as native speakers of Livonian. This makes Livonian the smallest language in Europe.
Did you know?
Urdu is counted among the Indo-Iranian languages. It is spoken in Pakistan and a few Indian states. Urdu is the native language of about 60 million people. It is the national language in Pakistan. It is also recognized as one of the 22 official languages in India. Urdu is very closely related to Hindi. Both languages are basically just two sociolects of Hindustani. Hindustani emerged from different languages in northern India starting in the 13th century. Today Urdu and Hindi are considered two independent languages. Speakers of these languages can communicate with each other easily though. The semiotic system is what clearly differentiates the two. Urdu is written with a version of the Persian-Arabic alphabet, while Hindi is not. Urdu is very prominent as a literary language. It is also often used in large film productions. Learn Urdu - it is the key to the culture of South Asia!